Implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) to Optimize Automatic Irrigation Systems on Tomato Plant Land

The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in an automatic irrigation system for tomato farms. IoT was chosen because it can integrate hardware and software to monitor environmental conditions in real time. The main problem addressed is inefficient water use due to manual irrigation that is not timely or quantified. This often results in water waste and reduced crop quality. Therefore, IoT-based innovation is considered an appropriate solution to improve the efficiency of modern agriculture (Seyar & Ahamed, 2023).

The developed automatic irrigation system uses soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, and a microcontroller module to process the data. The data obtained by the sensors is then sent to a server via a wireless connection. With the support of a monitoring application, farmers can monitor land conditions directly via smartphones or other devices. The advantage of this system is its real-time remote control capability, making it easier for farmers to adjust watering according to plant needs (Kaunkid & Aurasopon, 2023).

System testing was conducted on tomato fields with various soil moisture levels. Results showed that the system was able to automatically turn the water pump on and off according to predetermined thresholds. Water use efficiency increased because it was only supplied when the plants needed it. Furthermore, the growth rate and productivity of tomato plants are better maintained. Thus, the system has been proven to have a positive impact on agricultural sustainability.

In addition to its water efficiency advantages, IoT implementation also supports the reduction of manual labor. Farmers no longer need to routinely monitor their fields for irrigation needs. This provides advantages in terms of time and operational costs. IoT integration enables the creation of smart farming that adapts to environmental conditions. This innovation also opens up opportunities for the development of more modern and sustainable agricultural systems.

However, the study also identified several technical challenges in the system's implementation. These challenges include network connectivity disruptions, limited electrical power, and the need for regular hardware maintenance. Farmers' technical skills in operating the system also need to be improved. Therefore, outreach and training for farmers are crucial factors in the system's success. With training support, it is hoped that this technology will achieve widespread adoption among farmers.

Overall, the study concluded that IoT is highly effective in optimizing irrigation systems for tomato fields. This system is able to improve water use efficiency, maintain plant growth quality, and reduce farmers' workload. While technical challenges remain, the benefits are far greater. The implementation of IoT in agriculture is a crucial step towards digitizing and modernizing the food sector. Therefore, this research makes a significant contribution to the future development of sustainable agriculture.

Implementasi Internet of Things (IoT) untuk Optimalisasi Sistem Irigasi Otomatis pada Lahan Tanaman Tomat

Pestisida nabati merupakan salah satu elemen kunci dalam sistem pertanian organik. Inovasi ini memanfaatkan berbagai tumbuhan, seperti pepaya, sirsak, dan tembakau, yang memiliki karakteristik khas seperti rasa, bau, atau senyawa metabolit sekunder. Contoh konkretnya, pestisida nabati dari daun pepaya terbukti efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak pada tanaman bawang merah.

Proses adopsi inovasi pertanian tidak selalu berjalan instan dan sering kali membutuhkan waktu untuk diterima masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sosialisasi yang berkelanjutan melalui berbagai metode dan media, serta pendampingan yang konsisten. Keterlibatan semua pihak akademisi, pemerintah daerah, dan Masyarakat sangat krusial untuk memastikan inovasi ini bisa diterima dan diterapkan secara luas. 

Tren global dalam penggunaan pestisida kini beralih ke arah produk alami. Pestisida nabati menjadi alternatif untuk mengurangi dampak negatif dari pestisida sintetis. Penggunaannya juga bisa dianggap sebagai kearifan lokal dalam mengendalikan hama (Hodiyah & Hartini,2015). Sifat dan mekanisme kerja pestisida nabati sangat beragam, mulai dari sebagai antibiotik pertanian, fitotoksin, hingga bahan aktif yang bisa memengaruhi serangga (seperti hormon serangga, feromon, antifeedant, repellent, attractant, dan insektisida) (Saenong, 2017). 

Pestisida nabati memiliki beberapa keunggulan, yaitu biaya yang relatif murah, proses pengolahan yang sederhana, bebas dari bahan kimia, dan ramah lingkungan. Meskipun tingkat efektivitasnya bisa bervariasi tergantung jenis bahan, fase hidup hama, dan kondisi lingkungan, penggunaan pestisida nabati dalam budidaya bawang merah terbukti mampu meningkatkan hasil panen dan menghasilkan produk yang lebih sehat. Selain itu, dengan kemampuan petani untuk memproduksi sendiri, penggunaan pestisida nabati dan pupuk organik dapat menciptakan kemandirian dan membuka peluang ekonomi baru bagi petani serta masyarakat secara umum.

REFERENSI

• Hadiyanti, N., Probojati, R. T., & Saputra, R. E. (2021). Aplikasi pestisida nabati untuk pengendalian hama pada tanaman bawang merah dalam sistem pertanian organik. JATIMAS: Jurnal Pertanian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(2), 89.

• Saenong, M. S. (2017). Tumbuhan Indonesia Potensial sebagai Insektisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama Kumbang Bubuk Jagung (Sitophilus spp.). Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 

PT. Precision Agriculutre Indonesia adalah ekosistem digital pertanian Indonesia yang mengintegrasikan agrotech, pertanian presisi, pertanian cerdas, dan pertanian pintar melalui pemanfaatan teknologi seperti sensor pertanian, Internet of Things (IoT), kecerdasan buatan, sistem irigasi otomatis, pemupukan cerdas, dan pemantauan tanaman berbasis data real-time, serta menghadirkan layanan edukasi petani modern, digitalisasi agribisnis, pasar produk pertanian online, penguatan rantai pasok, inovasi teknologi tepat guna, dan solusi pertanian ramah lingkungan yang mendukung pertanian modern, berkelanjutan, dan berdaya saing tinggi di era Revolusi Industri 4.0.  Pertanian Presisi Indonesia